Grinding disk or pulverizer



Oct. 23, 1951 J. NIETHAMER 2,572,373

I GRINDING DISK OR PULVERIZER Original Filed Feb. 28, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet l F L/UL/US NIETHAMER Oct. 23, 1951 J. NIETHAMER GRINDING DISK OR PULVERIZER Original Filed Feb. 28, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 duL/us [VIETHAMER Oct. 23, 1951 I JT N ET 2,572,373

GRINDING DISK OR PULVERIZER Original Filed Feb. 28, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fga Oct. 23, 1951 NIETHAMER 2,572,373

GRINDING DISK OR PULVERIZER Original Filed Feb. 28, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 &

W P 2 M 4 V 1 II M J/VVE/VTOR JULIUS NIETHAMER MH-MW A TTORNEY Patented Oct. 23, 1951 UNITED PATENT OFFICE GRINDING DISK R. PULVERIZER Julius'Niethamer, Whitestone,iN. Y.

Original. application .February 28, 194.6,..Serial No. 650,890. Divided and thisapp'licationilune 120,, .1949, vserialjNo. 100,197

3Claims. 1

This invention-relatesto pulverizers and, more particularly, to a rotary disk pulverizer having 'a grinding and shearing action on the material Worked upon. The "application is a'divisi'on of my co-pending'application entitled Pulverizers, Ser. No. 650,890, 'filed February 28, 1946, now Patent 2,478,937 of August 16,1949.

The primary-object o'fthe'invention is to provide a pulverizer of the type which includes a disk rotatable about a vertical axis and having an upwardly disposed *Workin'g face cooperating with the downwardly disposed working face on a stator disposed thereabove. Working "faces on the rotor "and stator are intended to "be formed with sets of teeth which pulverize-first'by a rough shearing action to break up the material he'ing worked upon, then "by'finer shearing action'to cut'the material into substantiallyuniform particles, and finally by grinding 'the :material. :It is further intended to perform the'successive steps of pulverization in separate zones progressing radially'outward from near, 'but not at, the centers of the rotor and stator -tothe peripheries thereof, and to dispose the teethpn the working faces of the rotor and stator at such-"angles as to exert on the material a positive outward force as well as a centrifugal force was tofeed the material through the successive cworking zones.

'More specifically, it is an :object to :provide :a rotor'having a generally'flatiace,(but with a set of large elongated, upstanding teeth which-"extend out from near the center 'of the rotor to the periphery thereof, these iteeth being highest at their inner ends "and "sloping vdownward-ly and outwardly sons to mergeinto disk face *well inside the "disk periphery. It is intended that these large iteethherel-atively widelyspaced'from one another, "for instance 60, andlthat they be non-radial, or skewed, as :seen in .plan 'viewso that their inner endsare offset counter-clockwise of radiiiintersectingitheir .outerends. Inaddition to the large upstandingwteeth,Lit;is-now proposed to provide sets of smaller,similarlyskewed teeth intermediate the larger and about half as ng,' these smaller'ones extendingdnwardly from near the disk:peripheryzand being formed-by cutting slots in the diski-face so'that their top edges lie flush with the face. By'leveling the-portion of the disk face adjacent iits periphery :at :an angle corresponding to the "slope of the "large teeth, .a grinding zone-is :formedrnear-t-he disk edge.

Another objectis to provide zarstator :having a working face generally .roomplementary withthe complex-:rotortace Lin thatiathe lower edges :ah the :'2 stator teeth are I inclined downwardly from their inner totheir outer ends. It is intended-that the stator teeth, like those on the rotor, be skewed but that theybe arranged so that their inner-ends are offset clockwise from'radii 'intersecting' their outer-ends.

Another object is to'prov'ide a stator formed-oi spacedinner and outer concentric rings of hard abrasive material integrally connected :by "large, skewed teeth in the manner of non-radial spokes, with open spaces between'theflarge teethz-soithat material may be ied therethrough intothe working zones. More specially, it 'is intended-'-'that'%the inner ring be flat, andshallower in its axial :dimension than the large teeth. The :outer :ring, which is .deeper than "the inner, :is wto *be formed with its lower, :working race :hevele-d downwardly and outwardly "so :as to z-merge and ":be lflush with the lower edges "of the large teeth. Slots, wedge shaped in cross ssection, are *to-beprovided in the lowerzface 'o'ftheou'ter ring so as *toform teeth therebetween; these =teeth *being of greatest depth. at the inner periphery:oftheoutenringrand merging .iinto -tthe iring =face adjacent the :outer periphery iso ,as to form :an outer grinding tzone mating with th-e grinding zone on-the stator.

These "andcothenobj ects I will 'be apparent ifrom the following rspecifica-tion and drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevation, partially in vertical-sectionco'r the assembly;

Fig. 2 is an exploded view :showing the .inner parts'in'verticalsection;

:Fig. 3 is :a plan viewof the :stator ,in inverted position;

Fig.4is a plan view ofi'therotor;

Fig. -5 a .plan view: ofthe adjustment ring;

:Figs. 6 and -'7 are a detailed seetions along lines 6-6rand 1-'| ;respeetively; otFig. 5.

Figs-43 and 9 are-elevations showing :r'eed .controlcones.

Fig. 10 is a phantom zplan yiewlooking downon the stator and rotor :removed .from vthe grinder showing the relationship of the .teeth; and

Fig. 11 is a ccrosssection takenalong the :line Ill-"HI of-.F3ig.-9,.

"Referring :now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals denote -.the same or similar e1ements,- the-machine as ea WhOIBPlS shown mEig. l-whereinthere ,is :shown a flat base -2 having legs 4 projecting .upwardly wto support the casing .6 of .an electric ,motor .controlled by an .ofi-on switch :8 [connected to :asuitable -source-.,of electricity. ,notshown. lrheflat top ofmotorcasing 6 supports the base .m of a housing 12 .-,s.ecured on by bolts M.

Housing I2 includes an upstanding, hollow cylindrical portion I6, the base of which accommodates the drive shaft I8 of the motor enclosed in casing 6. Ball bearings 20 rotatably support shaft I8 near the lower end of housing I2 and a grease cup 22 and passage therefrom is provided in the wall 'of cylindrical portion 22 for bearing lubrication.

A tubular rotor drive shaft 24 closely engaged over motor drive shaft I8 and held in non-rotating engagement thereon by a set screw 26 ex,- tends upwardly into an enlarged cylindrical portion of housing I2, the upper end of the rotor drive shaft being provided with annular, inwardly flanged shoulders 28 and 30 and terminating in a rectangular boss 32, as best seen in Fig. 2 for supporting and non-rotatably fitting with a rotor 34 complementarily formed with a rectangular central opening 36 which non-rotatably fits on rectangular boss 32, and an annularrecess 38 in its bottom arrangedto nest with shoulders 28 and 30. A shallow annular recess 40 surround ing central opening 36 is formed in the top wall an outwardly flanged skirt 44 on a combined lock screw and feed control support 46, the screw portion 48 of which threads downwardly into an inwardlv threaded axial bore 50 in the top of rotor drive 24.

Of particular importance is the arrangement of and form of teeth on the upper, working face of the substantially fiat, disk-shaped body 52 of rotor 34, these teeth being as seen best in Figs. 2, 9 and and consisting of two sets integrally formed with diskibody 52 both of which sets are skewed so that their inner ends lie counter-clockwise of radii respectively intersecting their outer ends, as seen in plan view. The teeth 54 comprising the larger set terminate at their highest, inner ends 56 flush with the edge of recess 40 and have straight top edges 58 sloping downwardly towards their outer ends so, in effect, as to merge with the upper face of the body 52 of disk 34 at the point designated 60. It should be further noted that a circumferential portion 62 of the upper face of disk 34 is beveled from point 60 to its outer periphery, the bevel of portion 62 being at the same angle of slope as the top edges 58 of teeth 54 so as to form a continuation thereof. Actually, teeth 54 continue from point 60 almost to the outer periphery of body 52, being there defined by slots 64 in the upper face of body 52. Slots 64 are angularly spaced from one another so as to define small teeth 66 therebetween, these small teeth being skewed somewhat more than the larger ones 54. The depth of slots 64 is such that their bottoms interset at point 61 with the plane of beveled portion 62 so that, at point 61, all teeth 54 and 66 dwindle away, thus leaving a smooth grinding surface 68 immediately adjacent the outer periphery of disk 34.

The underside of rotor 34 is tapped at several points for threadedly receiving bolts I2 which hold on the Z-sectioned ring I4 of turbine I6, the L shaped blades I8 of which are welded or otherwise rigidly secured to ring I6 with their surfaces radially disposed. Turbine blades 18 each comprise a foot 19 which underlies the lower edge portion of rotor 34 and a leg 80 which extends higher than the upper peripheral edge of the rotor so as to overlap the gap between the rotor and stator described below, the turbine running in an annular recess 82 in the body 84 of housing I2. An" outlet chute 86 extending from housing body 84 communicates with turbine recess 82 and, p f- '4 erably, an outlet tube 88 is connected on outlet chute for removing the ground material.

A stator 90 affixed above rotor 34 is formed with an annular central opening 92 surrounding the central boss I52 of lock screw and feed control support 46 so as to allow rotation of the latter therein. While stator 90 is preferably formed of one integral piece, it may beconsidered as comprising an inner ring 94, an outer ring 96, and cut-away portions 98 leaving spoke-like large teeth I00 therebetween. All of the teeth of stator 90 are skewed in the manner of those on rotor 3'4 but, in the case of stator 90 the inner ends of the teeth lie clockwise of radii intersecting their outer ends, as seen in plan. In Fig. 3 the stator is shown inverted. Otherwise, stator 90 is someofrdisk 34 for receiving the depending rim 42 of what complementary with rotor 34 in that large teeth I00 are narrowest, from top to bottom, at their inner ends I02 and have lower edges I03 inclined outward and downwardly, these edges preferably being beveled so as to present a knifelike edge.

The outer ring portion 96 of stator 90 has its lower face beveled as indicated at I04 so that the portions at the outer ends of the spoke-like large teeth I00 form a continuation thereof, and spaced slots I06, which are wedge-shaped in cross-section, define small teeth I08. In detail, slots I06 are deepest at their inner ends I99 so that the effective height of small teeth I08 is there greatest whereas the slots terminate at IIO so as to leave a substantially smooth grinding surface II I adjacent the periphery of stator 90 to mate with the corresponding surface 68 on rotor 34.

Stator 90 is provided with four holes II2 for attachment by four screws I26 to an adjustment ring II4. Adjustment ring H4 is generally T- shaped in cross-section and comprises a depending ring portion II6 rotatably fitting in the cylindrical side wall II8 of housing I2, and an inwardly extending flange I2'2 drilled and countersunk at I24 for the screws I26 which affix it to stator 90. An outwardly extending flange I25 on adjustment ring has its periphery notched. In Fig. 5 it will be observed that there are three spaced sets of notches I28A, I28B, and I28C, these sets being selectively engageable over three pairs of ears I30 extending outwardly from housing I2, each pair being 120 degrees from the next. While the lower surface of ring I I4 is fiat at the outer corners of notches I28A, as illustrated in Figs. 2, 6, and '7 depending feet I 323 and I32C extend downwardly from adjacent the outer corners of notches I28B and I280, respectively, so that when ring H4 is rotated to bring the three notches IZBA in registry with the three pairs of ears I30, ring II4 supports stator 98 above the position which it would occupy where notches I28A registered with ears I30 and, of course, below the position which it would occupy were notches I2'8C so registered.

A hopper I34 having at its lower end a reduced throat I36 and an outwardly flanged flat base I38 also having nine notches I40 at its outer edge spaced to register with notches I28A, I28B, and I280 fltsflatwise over adjustment ring II 4, the ring H4 and hopper base I38 being held in position by three bolts I48 pivoted at I50 to housing I2 so that they may be swung up between ears I30 and into slots I28A, I28B, or I280, depending upon the position selected for adjustment ring H4, and also into slots I40, there being wing nuts I 46 on bolts I42 for holding the top assembly down. If desired, the inner flange I22 of adjustment ring H4 and the flat base I38 of hopper I34 may be suitably drilled, as at I48, for drift pins I50.

The combined lock screw and feed control support 46 is formed with an annular central boss I52 which rotates within annular central opening 92 of stator 90, as denoted above. The top wall of boss I52, which lies just higher than the upper surface of rotor inner disk 94, is formed as an inwardly flanged shoulder I54 and projecting upwardly from the shoulder is an axial post I56 on which fits a feed control cone 158A, I58B, or I580. Each of the cones is provided with a flat base I60 which rests on shoulder I54, and axial bore I62 extending upwardly from the base for fitting over post I56. A pin I64 is press fitted in a suitable opening through the side wall of each cone, the inner end of the pin engaging an L-shaped bayonet slot I65 which has a vertical portion and a foot portion extending clockwise therefrom so that a cone may be fitted down on post I56, given a slight turn, and locked in place. On the side of each cone, a stiff wire I68 is soldered so as to lend a slight stirring motion to material fed therepast, the upper end of the wire extending above the cone apex and terminating in a tip I10.

In operation, wing nuts I46 are loosened so as to allow bolts I48 to be pivoted out from the position shown in Fig. 1 so that hopper I34 can be removed for installing the selected feed control cone I58A. Then, either before or after the hopper is replaced, adjustment ring I I4 is rotated to bring the desired set of slots I28A, I283, or I28C in registry with ears I30 so as to provide the desired spacing between stator 90 and rotor 34. By adjustment of ring II4, a coarse, medium, or fine pulverization can be obtained. Then, with hopper I34 in place, bolts I48 are returned to their Fig. 1 position, wing nuts I46 are tightened, cover I is removed, the material to be pulverized is placed in hopper I34, and switch 8 is closed to start motor 6. Assuming that a fine pulverization and a fast feed is desired, the raw material will drop through hopper throat I36, the rotation of the cone I58A serving to stimulate material flow therepast. From throat I36, the material passes down through the spoke-like teeth I00 of stator 90, immediately after which it is sheared by the cooperating large teeth 54 and I00 on the rotor and stator. As rotor 34 turns, counterclockwise as seen in plan, the angularly skewed disposition of its teeth is such that the inner ends lead the outer, thereby forcing the material outwardly as it is roughly sheared. The effect of the angular disposition of stator teeth I00 is likewise such that material forced there-against by the rotor will be wedged outwardly. These driving actions, together with centrifugal force, feed the roughly sheered material to the zone between small rotor teeth 66 and small stator teeth I08 (at which points large teeth 54 and I00 have become small) where the roughly sheared material is sheared into small particles. As these small particles are fed outwardly, they are then ground between smooth surfaces 68 and III. When the particles have been ground sufiiciently to pass out between the adjacent peripheries of the rotor and stator, they are then engaged by the blades 18 of turbine I6 and impelled to outlet chute 66. In addition to its functions in grinding per se, the design of the rotor and turbine is such as to eliminate heat, as is particularly desirable in dry grinding.

The invention described above is not limited to the specific disclosures, but covers all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a pulverizer, a pair of substantially diskshaped pulverizing members coaxially disposed with working faces adjacent one another, one or said members having a plurality of upstanding teeth thereon, the other of said members comprising spaced inner and outer rings of rigid material and a plurality of rigid teeth integral with said rings and extending spoke-like therebetween, the outer ring having a plurality of slots in the working face thereof, said slots tapering inwardly from adjacent the periphery of the ring and being spaced from one another to define divergent teeth therebetween.

2. The combination claimed in claim 1, the free edges of said spoke-like teeth merging into the material of said outer-ring adjacent the periphery thereof.

3. In a pulverizer, a pair of grinding disks having opposed, frusto-conical respectively concave and convex mating faces each having an outer peripheral zone and an inner zone, the outer zone of the concave disk being formed of a ring of solid material having an annular series of regularly spaced wedge-shaped slots therein, said slots being skewed with respect to radii of the disk and having their shallower ends merging into the outer periphery of the disk and defining therebetween a plurality of skewed teeth having free edges lying along a relatively shallow frustocone and with said teeth increasing in height above the material of said ring, said concave disk also having a plurality of relatively widely spaced, large spoke-like teeth extending inwardly from said ring, said spoke-like teeth having open spaces therebetween and being joined at their inner ends and having free edges lying along the surface of said frusto-cone, the outer peripheral zone of said convex disk having an annular series of relatively small upstanding, regularly spaced skewed teeth with their outer ends merging into the material of the disk and with the outer portions of their free edges lying along the surface of said frusto-cone, and a plurality of relatively widely spaced large teeth upstanding from the surface of said disk and extending inwardly from said outer peripheral zone and also having their free edges lying along said frusto-cone.

JULIUS NIETHAMER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Holcomb May 14, 1827 8,272 Holden Aug. 5, 1851 394,238 Young Dec. 11, 1888 856,918 Schreck June 11, 1907 891,050 Durham June 16, 1908 927,077 Richards July 6, 1909 1,987,941 Mathews Jan. 15, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country ,7 Date 274,210 Italy May 14, 1930 

